Surprising fact: the modest black holes at the hearts of galaxies turned out to be much brighter in ultraviolet light than astronomers thought. They generate 3-4 times more ionizing radiation, making them significant players in the era of reionization — when the universe became transparent. Perhaps it was these ancient 'beacons' that pierced the darkness.
🎯 Reionization took about 600 million years and was uneven: like beacons lighting up at different points in the ocean, slowly dispersing the fog and leaving isolated dark 'islands' of neutral hydrogen.