Как физики проверили запрет Паули на углероде экспресс

Оригинальная аннотация

как её написали авторы, на английском arXiv:2604.08950

The Pauli exclusion principle (PEP) was tested for nucleons in $$\rm{^{12}C}$$ nuclei using the Borexino dataset from 2007 to 2021. %the complete Borexino detector data. The approach consists of searching for $$\gamma$$-quanta, neutrons, protons, as well as electrons and positrons emitted in non-Paulian transitions of nucleons from the $$1P_{3/2}$$ shell to the filled $$1S_{1/2}$$ shell. Due to the uniquely low background level, the large mass, and long measurement time of the Borexino detector, the most stringent experimental constraints to date on the lifetime of the $$\rm{^{12}C}$$ nucleus with respect to PEP-forbidden transitions were obtained: $$\tau({^{12}\rm{C}}\rightarrow{^{12}\widetilde{\rm{C}}}+\gamma) \geq {1.1\times10^{32}}$$ y, $$\tau({^{12}\rm{C}}\rightarrow{^{11}\widetilde{\rm{B}}}+ p) \geq {1.0\times10^{31}}$$ y, $$\tau({^{12}\rm{C}}\rightarrow{^{11}\widetilde{\rm{C}}}+ n) \geq 2.0 \times 10^{31}$$ y, $$\tau({^{12}\rm{C}}\rightarrow{^{12}\widetilde{\rm{N}}}+ e^- + \widetilde{ u_e}) \geq 6.4 \times 10^{30}$$ y and $$\tau({^{12}\rm{C}}\rightarrow{^{12}\widetilde{\rm{B}}}+ e^+ + u_e) \geq 6.6 \times 10^{30}$$ y (90\% C.L.). The upper limits on the relative strengths for the non-Paulian electromagnetic, strong, and weak transitions have been obtained: $$\delta^2_{\gamma}\leq 1.0\times 10^{-57}$$, $$\delta^2_{N}\leq 7.0\times 10^{-61}$$ and $$\delta^2_{\beta}\leq 9.6\times 10^{-36}$$, all at 90\% C.L..