Тёмная энергия меняется? Новый взгляд экспресс

Оригинальная аннотация

как её написали авторы, на английском arXiv:2605.27230

Recent DESI data suggest that dark energy may be evolving and motivate the use of model-independent diagnostics such as $$Om(z)$$ and probes of the equation of state (EoS) of dark energy, $$w(z)$$. Traditional reconstructions of $$w(z)$$ rely on differentiating the expansion history, $$h(z)=H(z)/H_0$$, which amplifies noise and systematic uncertainties. In this work, we introduce a new diagnostic, the $$w_0$$-probe, which is constructed from $$Om(z)$$, and which enables a direct determination of the current EoS from $$h(z)$$ without any additional differentiation. While retaining the null-test capability of $$Om(z)$$ for $$\Lambda$$CDM, the $$w_0$$-probe also provides a direct estimate of $$w_0$$ -- the current EoS of dark energy. We demonstrate that this reconstruction of $$w_0$$ is robust for any smooth underlying $$w(z)$$. We apply this method to Gaussian-process (GP) reconstructions of $$h(z)$$ using current SNe Ia+BAO+CMB data. Both $$Om(z)$$ and the $$w_0$$-probe exclude $$\Lambda$$CDM at the $$95\%$$ confidence level (C.L.), with the latter favouring $$w_0\simeq-0.62 \pm 0.03$$ at $$95\%$$ C.L. To mitigate potential over-constraining from GP priors, we additionally analyze $$\chi^2$$-limited reconstructions with likelihoods exceeding the $$95\%$$ CPL threshold. The $$w_0$$-probe obtained from these high-likelihood samples again predominantly excludes $$\Lambda$$CDM and yields $$w_0\in(-0.8,-0.5)$$ at $$z\to 0$$, demonstrating the robustness of our results. The $$w_0$$-probe therefore provides a simple, model-independent, and robust diagnostic of the current EoS of dark energy.