المقاومة داخل الكرة الدوارة سريع

الملخص الأصلي

كما كتبه المؤلفون، بالإنجليزية arXiv:2604.10594

The drag on an oscillating sphere is a classical fluid-mechanics problem, yet no existing theory simultaneously accounts for confinement, rotation, viscosity and magnetic fields. We consider a conducting sphere undergoing translational oscillations inside a rotating spherical cavity, modelling confined magnetohydrodynamic flows relevant to planetary interiors and liquid metal experiments. In planetary settings, these motions correspond to the polar and equatorial Slichter modes of Earth's inner core. Existing theories are restricted to separate asymptotic regimes, including viscous drag in bounded fluids (Stokes 1851), rotational effects in inviscid cavities (Busse 1974), and magnetic coupling through oscillatory boundary layers (Buffett and Goertz 1995). We derive a unified asymptotic framework for oscillatory drag in rotating spherical shells with arbitrary confinement and arbitrary electrical conductivity and magnetic permeability contrasts between the inner sphere, fluid shell and outer solid, applicable to both polar and equatorial oscillations. The theory yields expressions for added mass, viscous and electromagnetic drag, with the associated dissipation. It captures viscous pressure corrections, magnetic pressure and tension, Alfven-wave radiation, and magnetohydrodynamic Stokes-Ekman boundary layers. Classical boundary-layer theories (e.g. Ekman layers) emerge as limiting cases, while confined solutions are also derived for the diffusion-dominated bulk regimes, yielding an explicit closed-form solution for the bounded oscillatory Stokes flow and a confined extension of the inductionless theory. Direct numerical simulations validate the analytical predictions across a broad parameter range. The resulting analytical framework provides quantitative predictions of oscillatory coupling, added mass and dissipation in planetary cores, icy-moon oceans and liquid-metal experiments.