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In the depths of young sub-Neptunes, hydrogen and molten rock mix like cocoa in milk, forever changing the planet’s appearance.
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It turns out that inside young sub-Neptunes, hydrogen and molten rock mix like hot chocolate with milk. As the planet cools, hydrogen ‘sweats out’ outward, slowing its contraction. This discovery changes our picture of how giant planets grow and evolve.
🎯 Without this hydrogen cushion, young sub-Neptunes would look almost twice as small — their puffiness gives away a turbulent past.