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James Webb Space Telescope reveals that unseen dense gas knots can throw off measurements of ancient galaxies’ ingredients.
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Tiny, dense gas clumps—like blueberries hidden in a muffin—can trick our best telescopes. In early galaxies, these knots shine so brightly they make the whole galaxy seem chemically poorer. This cosmic illusion means we might be misreading the history of stars and elements.
🎯 The ‘auroral lines’ used to measure temperature in these galaxies glow in the same green and red colors as the aurora on Earth, but they come from oxygen and nitrogen atoms in space, not from solar wind hitting our atmosphere.