Elena Bertola

Light from distant galaxies carries a hidden recipe — a color barcode revealing the elements inside. For decades, astronomers used familiar tricks to decode it, but the James Webb Space Telescope shows these tricks fail for the earliest galaxies.

Light from a distant quasar, the bright core of a galaxy, passes by a massive galaxy and bends, like a flashlight beam through uneven glass. If the lens and source align almost perfectly, we see not one quasar but several copies.