ГлитчGAN: синтез временных сбоев детекторов гравитационных волн ✛ ✦

Оригинальная аннотация

как её написали авторы, на английском arXiv:2606.27227

Gravitational-wave detectors are highly sensitive instruments susceptible to numerous noise sources. Short-duration transient noise events, known as glitches, pose a particular challenge for data analysis pipelines as they can mimic or obscure astrophysical signals. We present GlitchGAN, a class-conditional generative model that is capable of synthesizing realistic glitches directly in the time domain. The model is trained on high-quality reconstructions of seven common glitch types observed during LIGO's third observing run (O3): Blip, Fast Scattering, Koi Fish, Low-Frequency Burst, Scattered Light, Tomte, and Whistle. We show that GlitchGAN generalizes effectively, learning to reproduce a diverse and physically consistent glitch space directly from these reconstructions. Moreover, because the model is conditioned on glitch class, it can generate \textit{hybrid} or transitional glitch morphologies by interpolating across the class-conditioning vector after training. GlitchGAN generates 1000 glitches in under 22 seconds on a CPU, making it suitable for large-scale glitch synthesis for detector simulations, mock data challenges, and pipeline validation. Synthetic glitches are validated against real glitches using the Gravity Spy classifier, widely used in the GW community for glitch classification, and an unsupervised analysis using UMAP embeddings. Gravity Spy classifies the majority of GlitchGAN's synthetic glitches as the correct class while the UMAP analysis shows substantial overlap between real and synthetic samples in the reduced latent space. We further highlight a critical limitation of magnitude-only spectrograms: classifiers operating on magnitude $$Q$$-transforms can confidently misclassify physically unrealistic glitches from less robust models, underscoring the need for complementary validation methods that preserve phase information.