اكتشاف دوامات عملاقة في الهيليوم فائق الميوعة سريع

الملخص الأصلي

كما كتبه المؤلفون، بالإنجليزية arXiv:2603.05387

Quantized vortex dynamics in superfluid $$^4$$He (He~II) are widely regarded as well established: circulation is quantized in units of $$\kappa=h/m_4$$, vortices carrying more than one quantum are expected to split into singly quantized filaments, and vortex rings shrink while accelerating due to dissipation from thermal-quasiparticle scattering. Using particle tracking velocimetry with frozen deuterium tracers, we uncover rare vortex-bound particle events that disrupt this canonical picture. In a class of events exhibiting the acceleration characteristic of shrinkage driven vortex ring motion, the measured kinematics cannot be reconciled with a singly quantized ring. Instead, they require an effective circulation $$n\kappa$$ with $$n>1$$, directly challenging the standard expectation that multiquantum vortices are short lived. A more prosaic possibility is that the inferred $$n\kappa$$ arises from a bundle of closely spaced singly quantized rings, which could generate similar large-scale motion. However, this scenario is disfavored by vortex-filament simulations that show rapid bundle dispersion. Furthermore, the persistence of particle trapping at the observed high speeds suggests a much deeper core trapping potential, consistent only with a truly multiquantum core. Together, these results point to anomalously long-lived multiquantum rings, a striking puzzle that calls for dedicated scrutiny beyond the prevailing paradigm.