كيف تبصق الثقوب السوداء الطاقة سريع

الملخص الأصلي

كما كتبه المؤلفون، بالإنجليزية arXiv:2607.28919v1

Strongly magnetized super-Eddington accretion flows power many important astrophysical systems, but how black hole parameters control their output is unclear. We present 32 general relativistic radiation magnetohydrodynamics simulations of super-Eddington magnetically arrested disks onto stellar-mass black holes, varying mass ($$M_{\rm BH}= 5, 15, 30\,M_{\odot}$$), spin ($$a=0,0.9$$), and accretion rate ($$\dot{M}_{\rm acc} \approx 1-2000\,\dot{M}_{\rm Edd}$$). We find that black hole spin and accretion rate jointly regulate wind loss rates and energy output efficiencies, while black hole mass has no effect over the mass range studied here. The BH accretes only $$10-40\%$$ of the mass supplied to the accretion flow, while the rest is expelled in winds. This accretion fraction decreases with mass supply rate and is lower for high-spin systems. Both spin states produce strong magnetically driven outflows. For $$a = 0$$, the wind kinetic, radiative, and electromagnetic efficiencies are modest and show little variation across the full simulated range of accretion rates. For $$a = 0.9$$, both wind power and jet power increase super-linearly with $$\dot{M}_{\rm acc}$$, with the jet power saturating beyond $$\dot{M}_{\rm acc} \sim 100\,\dot{M}_{\rm Edd}$$. Radiation is strongly beamed along the funnel, with inverse beaming factors exceeding $$100$$ for high-spin, high-$$\dot{m}$$ models viewed face-on. Our results establish that rapid BH spin boosts energy-extraction efficiency, while high accretion rate amplifies total power. We provide scaling relations for luminosities, jet power, accretion ratio, and beaming, offering a framework for interpreting observations of ULXs and other super-Eddington systems.