كاشف يسمع همس الكون سريع

الملخص الأصلي

كما كتبه المؤلفون، بالإنجليزية arXiv:2608.08592v1

Expanding the operational boundaries of radiation detection is imperative for contemporary particle physics, astrophysics, and cosmology. At this frontier, the direct detection of the Cosmic Neutrino Background (C$$ u$$B), the determination of the absolute neutrino mass scale, and the search for sub-GeV Light Dark Matter (LDM) necessitate detector architectures capable of sub-millielectronvolt (sub-meV) energy thresholds, exceptional absolute energy resolution, fast time response, and massive scalability. Current technologies confront an intrinsic limit---the ``impossible triangle''---wherein optimizing for sub-meV thresholds inherently compromises either macroscopic timing response or spatial scalability. Here, we introduce the Superconductor-Coupled Semiconductor Electron-Multiplying (SuperEM) detector, a fundamentally novel structural paradigm designed to bypass this limitation. The architecture couples the ultra-low energy threshold of a superconducting absorber with the intrinsic high-gain digitization of a strongly biased, high-density semiconductor P-N junction. Incident energy yields a proliferation of non-equilibrium quasiparticles, which are subsequently extracted via quantum tunneling across an ultra-thin Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) insulating barrier. Building upon our prior empirical validation of deep-cryogenic avalanche mechanics, this manuscript establishes the fundamental theoretical feasibility and structural foundation of the complete device. Signal transport simulations confirm that an undoped interface coupled with a strong drift field enables highly efficient, nanosecond-scale transient electron drift, resolving completely within 35 ns. The SuperEM architecture thus constitutes a scalable, high-resolution, and fast time-response framework for next-generation C$$ u$$B and LDM observatories.