Particle Masses: A Simple Rule from the Depths of Physics ⚡ экспресс
We consider a supersymmetric SO(10) model with a minimal Higgs sector consisting of the multiplets 10_H, 45_H, and 16_H+\bar{16}_H. To accurately reproduce the observed masses and mixings of quarks and leptons, non-renormalizable Yukawa interactions are introduced, complementing the standard Yukawa terms. A preferred solution is found, compatible with quasi-Yukawa unification of the third family: at the grand unification scale the coupling constants y_t and y_b are nearly equal and about 0.73 of y_τ; this is realized with the parameter tan β ≈ 58 in the minimal supersymmetric standard model. Within the same approach, solutions with lower tan β, such as 10, are also possible. From fitting the data, the masses of the three right-handed neutrinos are determined: (M_1, M_2, M_3) ~ (10^9, 8·10^12, 9·10^12) GeV. Scenarios of metastable and quasi-stable strings, allowed in this class of models, are discussed.
In the boiling broth of the newborn Universe, all particles lost their distinctions, like vegetables at hellish temperatures. Recovering that simple recipe is the goal of modern physics.
The SO(10) theory — an extension of the Standard Model — offers such a recipe. It unifies all forces and links the masses of any particles with a single formula. Scientists refined the model and achieved record accuracy: the computed masses matched experiment. It turned out that at the energy of the Big Bang, the main characteristics of particles become almost the same.
If the model is confirmed, we will understand what predetermines particle masses and take a step towards a unified theory of everything.
🎯 The predicted heavyweight neutrino is about 500 times more massive than the top quark — and the top quark itself weighs almost as much as an entire gold atom.
🎬 The film 'The Theory of Everything' is about the search for a single equation. Work on SO(10) is a real step towards Einstein's dream.