ثلاث طبقات من غيوم المشتري سريع

الملخص الأصلي

كما كتبه المؤلفون، بالإنجليزية arXiv:2607.25542

We present a combined cloud/ammonia model for Jupiter's equatorial atmosphere from 0.1 to 10 bar, consistent with observations made at a range of observation geometries from 0.35 to 5.15 $$\mu$$m by VLT/MUSE, Cassini/VIMS, IRTF/SpeX and Juno/JIRAM. Our cloud model has three components: 1) an optically-thick lower cloud (radius $$r$$$$\sim$$$$10$$ $$\mu$$m) at 1-2 bar; 2) an optically-thin upper cloud ($$r$$$$\sim$$$$10$$ $$\mu$$m) at $$\sim$$0.55 bar; and 3) a layer of blue-absorbing chromophore particles ($$r$$$$\sim$$$$0.2$$ $$\mu$$m) situated within the main lower cloud. The ammonia profile is intimately linked with the cloud profile with the lower cloud coinciding with an initial drop in ammonia abundance and the upper cloud coinciding with the ammonia condensation level. The large lower cloud particles are highly scattering at visible wavelengths, allowing sunlight to scatter through the clouds and be Rayleigh-scattered from the deep atmosphere. At 5 $$\mu$$m, the lower cloud particles are found to be more absorbing, with the belt/zone differences mostly accounted for by changes in the single-scattering albedo of these particles and secondarily by changes in the cloud opacity. The spectral properties of these lower cloud particles are possibly consistent with a component of water ice. The upper cloud particles need a distinct absorption band near 3 $$\mu$$m, possibly consistent with a component of ammonia ice. We note that we do not need a separate upper-level photochemical haze in our model. Instead, we find that the features seen at methane-absorbing wavelengths are caused by variations in the opacity and vertical extent of the upper cloud layer.