How an Enzyme Passes the Signal Along: News From the Outskirts Flows Straight to the Center

Original: "Entropy and Information is Transferred from Peripherical Sites to the Catalytic Sites of Enzymes"
arXiv:2603.20469 · 2026-03-20 · CC BY 4.0 · 1 min
In a protein, messages from distant regions converge on the active site by themselves, and that route is already visible in the way amino acids touch one another.

An enzyme is like a railway station where a crowd of passenger atoms is constantly on the move. Deep inside the station there's a ticket window: the enzyme's active site, where the chemical reaction happens. For the window to do its job, it needs to know what's going on out on the far platforms. So how does the news get through the crowd to the window?

Scientists tested this on seven different enzymes. They found that the bustle, or entropy, flows from the edges of the molecule toward its center. The amino acids at the edges (the building blocks of the protein) do a lot of "talking," while those next to the ticket window keep quiet. It's as if passengers on the distant platforms were loudly discussing the news, while right by the window everything stayed silent so the clerk wouldn't be distracted.

In one of the enzymes, the 177 most "talkative" amino acids sit on the surface, while the 72 quietest ones lie in the center, next to the active site.

The most striking part: the same route shows up if you simply draw a map of the contacts between amino acids. Who touches whom, that's all you need to figure out where the information will flow. No need to run complex calculations of atomic motion. This discovery will help scientists find drugs faster, ones that act on enzymes through remote regions rather than through the active site.

TIM-Barrel is one of the most common protein folds in nature: it appears in at least 15 different enzyme families, from bacteria to humans.

Scientists
Ludwig BoltzmannRudolf ClausiusJacob BekensteinStephen HawkingJames Clerk MaxwellEdward Witten
Concepts
information theory metabolism neurotransmitter multi omics neural activity brain rhythmic transport