المستعر الأعظم 1181: عزلة البقايا ولغز الانفجارات الخافتة ✛

الملخص الأصلي

كما كتبه المؤلفون، بالإنجليزية arXiv:2607.19705v1

Type Iax supernovae (SNe Iax) are the recently-established, yet peculiar subclass of thermonuclear supernovae, whose progenitor systems and explosion mechanisms remain debated. A leading scenario is a single-degenerate channel, in which a white dwarf accreting from a He-star companion undergoes a pure deflagration, leaving both a bound remnant and surviving companion. The Galactic SN 1181, whose distinctive properties are consistent with an SN Iax involving a weak explosion and bound white dwarf remnant, offers a unique opportunity to test this scenario. Here, we perform a deep search for a surviving He-star companion, a hallmark of the single-degenerate He-donor channel, within $$30^{\prime\prime}$$ ($$\sim 0.3$$ pc) of the remnant using archival Gaia and Pan-STARRS1 data. The parallaxes and proper motions exclude all Gaia sources, while the spectral energy distributions of the remaining Pan-STARRS1 sources are inconsistent with both the He-star spectral templates and known hot-subdwarf population. Binary evolution calculations predict a minimum mass of a companion with an absolute $$g$$-band magnitude of $$M_{g} \lesssim 6.5$$ mag, much brighter than the Pan-STARRS1 detection limit of $$M_{g} > 8$$ mag. Our non-detection rules out He-star and luminous hydrogen-rich companions for SN 1181, favoring a double-degenerate channel (i.e., a white dwarf merger). Adding to the luminous He-star companion identified in the pre-explosion imaging of SN 2012Z, our results provide direct evidence for multiple progenitor channels leading to SNe Iax.