At the boundless edge of the Universe, spacetime curvature creates special twistings — superrotations. Their charge (a measure of energy) suddenly becomes infinite, like meridians converging at the pole of a globe. At that point, ordinary maps tear apart, and calculations lose meaning.

Mathematician Roger Penrose came up with a clever way out: he redrew the Universe, compressing infinity down to a manageable boundary. Now the troublesome pole is just a line on the globe. All that’s left is to smooth out the inaccuracies in the calculations through regularization — a procedure that removes the mathematical “noise.” This finally gave a finite, measurable charge.

These twistings aren’t just theory. They permanently change the shape of space after the passage of gravitational waves — giant ripples from cosmic catastrophes. Understanding superrotations will reveal how energy is transmitted across the Universe and may even lead to new physical laws.