This voracity threatens chaos for the weak mountain power system. To tame the “dragons,” scientists created a unified model that combines calculations for the overall grid and the wires with rails feeding the trains. Previously, they were calculated separately, not seeing how one dragon affects everything. Now the model, based on laws of Faraday, Maxwell, and Ohm, covers the whole picture.

The new method reduces complexity to fast linear equations, like a multiplication table instead of cumbersome computations. It speeds up predictions by dozens of times with almost no loss of accuracy. A surprising twist: on steep descents, the train itself becomes an energy source, returning power back to the grid. The model accounts for this too, helping dispatchers instantly redistribute flows when wind gusts or terrain changes occur.