Andrew N. Cleland

An orchestra plays inside a giant refrigerator. The musicians are qubits, the elementary cells of a quantum computer. To play in harmony, they need silence: thermal noise drowns out the melody. That's why the heart of a quantum processor is cooled to nearly absolute zero — minus 273 degrees Celsius.

An AI has learned to conduct the quantum orchestra. Its instruments: superconducting circuits — artificial atoms kept colder than interstellar space. This AI-conductor designs and runs entire experimental scores, not just playing notes but creating them on the fly.