Solar Flare: Two Peaks, One Magnetic Ribbon express

Original: "Stereoscopic Observations of Solar X-ray Sources Explained by a Data-Constrained Magnetohydrodynamic Simulation"
arXiv:2601.23046 · 2026-01-30 · CC BY 4.0 · 1 min
The X7.1 flare revealed how the Sun's magnetic fields tear and reconnect, accelerating particles.

On October 1, 2024, a class X7.1 flare erupted on the Sun — one of the most powerful. Two spacecraft, HXI and STIX, watched it from different angles, like two eyes, and together with a computer model helped reconstruct the three-dimensional picture.

At the flare's peak, the X-ray emission flickered twice, and each time bright spots on the Sun's surface appeared in different places. This meant that magnetic fields were tearing and reconnecting not at a single point, but along a long, curved boundary, like a crack running across ice. The model showed that both peaks were born in the same magnetic ribbon, just in different parts of it.

The temperature at the flare's core reaches tens of millions of degrees — thousands of times hotter than the Sun's surface.

The second spacecraft, STIX, also spotted a vertical column of hot gas rising from the surface. Its center shifted between the two peaks, as if energy were flowing through an invisible pipe. This is a first step toward understanding how flares accelerate particles to near-light speeds.

The energy of a single X-class flare is comparable to billions of atomic bombs, yet the Sun releases it in just a few minutes.

Scientists
Christian DopplerD. B. McLaughlinDidier QuelozMichel MayorR. A. RossiterJames Clerk Maxwell
Concepts
solar flare active region stellar flares x ray burst X-ray radiation flare solar eruption xrism hard x ray hydrodynamic simulation solar magnetic phenomena