Quantum entanglement is an experimentally confirmed fact: measurements on one particle correlate instantly with measurements on another, even if they are kilometers apart. Attempts to explain this with superluminal signals run into the no-communication theorem. The work follows the search for 'nonlocality without a nonlocal cause': nearby are models with extra spatial dimensions, as well as studies testing the speed of quantum information. The author takes a different path—extra time.
The starting point is the Bohm–Bub model with nonlinear equations for wavefunction collapse. Instead of hidden variables, a hypothetical subquantum field is introduced that propagates in an extra temporal dimension at a finite speed. The sine-Gordon equation is used to describe the momentum carrying information. An experimental scheme is proposed: two independent sources of entangled photons, with Alice's and Eve's detectors close together, and Bob's and Tom's far apart. If correlations violating Bell's inequality appear between Alice and Eve, this would indicate information exchange through extra time.
The model reproduces the standard correlations for an entangled pair: if one particle collapses to state '+', the other to '−'. The key prediction is the appearance of the same correlations between particles from different pairs if their detectors are closer to each other than to their partners. This can be tested by measuring the parameter S in the Clauser–Horne–Shimony–Holt inequality: for independent particles it should be no more than 2, while the model allows up to 2√2. The experiment would be trivial in standard quantum mechanics, so running it is justified only as a test of the new hypothesis.
The work differs from neighboring approaches by using extra time instead of extra spatial dimensions or superluminal signals. This preserves causality while providing a 'mechanism' for the correlations. If the experiment confirms the hypothesis, information would gain ontological status, as Wheeler suggested. Otherwise, a new constraint would be established, limiting models with extra time.
The topic could develop toward refining the dynamics of the subquantum field: choosing a specific source in the equation, accounting for propagation in ordinary time, analyzing correlations for arbitrary detector arrangements. There may be a connection with experiments on entangling photons that never coexisted in time. A more detailed model beyond the toy one would be needed.
The results could affect the interpretation of quantum mechanics and the design of experiments testing Bell inequalities. No practical application in quantum technologies is yet in sight.
Run the proposed experiment with two sources of entangled photons and search for correlations between independent detectors. If positive, develop a field theory of the subquantum field in spacetime (3,2).
The work touches on the fundamental problem of interpreting quantum mechanics: how to reconcile nonlocal correlations with causality. It does not solve the measurement problem, but offers a new view of wavefunction collapse, linking it to extra time. This continues the line of dynamical reduction models (GRW, CSL), but with a different physical mechanism.
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What the work does
The author proposes a model in which correlations of entangled particles arise from signal exchange through an additional temporal dimension at a finite speed, preserving causality. To test the hypothesis, an experiment is proposed with two independent sources of entangled photons and a search for violation of Bell's inequality between particles from different pairs.
Where its strength is
The strong point is a concrete experimental prediction that can be tested with existing methods: the model allows violation of Bell's inequality for independent particles, which standard quantum mechanics forbids.
Where it could go next
Worth trying
Why this may matter
If the proposed experiment is carried out and yields a positive result, it would be the first evidence for the existence of an additional temporal dimension and would change our understanding of quantum entanglement. A negative result is also important: it would establish a new constraint on models with extra time, limiting the class of viable theories.
Nearby works in our archive
The archive is crowded around this work: 7 reviews nearby, closest at 0.71. This ground is well walked — and there is plenty to compare against.
Extra temporal dimensions are usually avoided because of the 'grandfather paradox': time travel could allow you to kill your ancestor. The author sidesteps this by assuming that only the subquantum field lives in two times, while particles remain in one.