Cosmology2026-05-271 minarXiv:2605.28903expressA Universe Without Dark Energy? A Simple Model Bypasses the Standard OneThe Universe follows strict rules, like players at a table. One of them: gravity always attracts, and energy cannot be negative.Namit Chandak·Fulvio Melia·Junjie WeiFriedmann equationsAlan GuthAlexander FriedmannAndrei Lindedark energyexpansion of the universecosmological constantdark mattermodified gravity👍👎☆SimplePopularAdvanced