The four main energy conditions of general relativity prohibit negative energies, gravitational repulsion, and superluminal energy flows; violating them requires exotic matter. The standard ΛCDM model notably violates them during the inflationary epoch and the dark energy-dominated period. A comparison between ΛCDM and the R_h=ct model was performed using data from HII galaxies and cosmic chronometers in the local universe, along with a direct check of compliance with the energy conditions. The R_h=ct model not only fits the data significantly better (probability around 92% vs. roughly 8% for ΛCDM) but also fully satisfies all four conditions, while the best-fit ΛCDM violates the strong energy condition at redshifts z≲2. The result casts doubt on the consistency of ΛCDM with the basic principles of general relativity.
The Universe follows strict rules, like players at a table. One of them: gravity always attracts, and energy cannot be negative. The Standard Model ΛCDM, initiated by Georges Lemaître with the idea of the Big Bang, breaks these rules twice — during the inflationary epoch, predicted by Alan Guth, and now for the sake of dark energy. The alternative model $R_h=ct$ explains the expansion of the Universe, discovered by Edwin Hubble, without any tricks. It uses data on glowing hydrogen clouds in galaxies and the ages of objects, and honestly obeys all four conditions. The probability of its correctness is 92%. An unexpected fact: the standard model has been cheating for 10 billion years, secretly requiring matter that doesn't exist in nature. Perhaps the cosmos is more honest than we used to think.
🎯 Gravity always attracts — that's a strict rule. But in the standard model, it has been secretly violated for the last 10 billion years.