In general relativity, four energy conditions act as strict prohibitions against negative energy, gravitational repulsion, and superluminal flows. Violating them requires exotic matter, but the standard ΛCDM model does this constantly: during inflation and in the dark energy era. Analysis of HII galaxies and cosmic chronometers shows that the alternative R_h=ct model not only fits observations significantly better (92% probability vs 8%) but also fully satisfies all four conditions, whereas ΛCDM violates the strong energy condition at low redshifts (z<2).
The Universe follows strict rules, like players at a table. One of them: gravity always attracts, and energy cannot be negative. The Standard Model ΛCDM, initiated by Georges Lemaître with the idea of the Big Bang, breaks these rules twice — during the inflationary epoch, predicted by Alan Guth, and now for the sake of dark energy. The alternative model $R_h=ct$ explains the expansion of the Universe, discovered by Edwin Hubble, without any tricks. It uses data on glowing hydrogen clouds in galaxies and the ages of objects, and honestly obeys all four conditions. The probability of its correctness is 92%. An unexpected fact: the standard model has been cheating for 10 billion years, secretly requiring matter that doesn't exist in nature. Perhaps the cosmos is more honest than we used to think.
🎯 Gravity always attracts — that's a strict rule. But in the standard model, it has been secretly violated for the last 10 billion years.