The Cosmic Lighthouse Has Switched ✛

Original: "NICER observations reveal doubled timescales in Ansky's quasi-periodic eruptions (QPEs)"
arXiv:2509.16304 · 2025-09-19 · CC BY 4.0 · 1 min
A supermassive black hole in a distant galaxy has started emitting X-ray flares half as often and four times more powerful than before.

At the heart of a large galaxy lurks a giant black hole — a region from which not even light escapes. But sometimes, like a lighthouse, it gives off regular X-ray flares. In 2025, at the object Ansky, this lighthouse suddenly changed its signal: the gaps between flares grew from 5 to 10 days, but each flare became four times more energetic and lasts twice as long. The fading is now slower – as if the source doesn’t just switch off but smolders out.

The likely cause is a massive companion (a star or gas cloud) that grazes the spinning disk of superheated material around the hole. Under the effect of spacetime curvature, predicted by Einstein, this companion’s orbit is changing, and with it the rhythm of the signals. Perhaps we are witnessing the final loops before the star vanishes forever.

To crack the mechanics, astronomers will continue photometric measurements and spectral analysis of the radiation.

Although the flares repeat almost like clockwork, the interval between them can drift slightly, so they are called quasi-periodic (nearly periodic).

Stories about signals from extraterrestrial civilizations may come to mind, but here it's pure physics at work.

F_{\mathrm{QPE}} = \begin{cases} A\lambda e^{\tau_1/(t_{\mathrm{peak}}-t_{\mathrm{as}}-t)} & t < t_{\mathrm{peak}} \\ A e^{-(t-t_{\mathrm{peak}})/\tau_2} & t \ge t_{\mathrm{peak}} \end{cases}
A is the amplitude, τ1 and τ2 are the exponential rise and decay times, λ is a normalization, and tas is the asymptotic time
R_{\mathrm{bb}} = \sqrt{\frac{L_{\mathrm{bol}}}{4\pi\sigma_{\mathrm{SB}} T^4}}
Rbb is the blackbody radius, Lbol is the bolometric luminosity, T is the temperature, and σSB is the Stefan-Boltzmann constant
Scientists
Stephen HawkingJacob BekensteinFritz ZwickyBernhard RiemannJoseph WeberKarl Schwarzschild
Concepts
quasi periodic eruptions black hole activity cycles quasi biennial oscillation changing agn activity quasar feedback blazar flare starburst microquasar active galactic nucleus quasar tidal disruption event black hole outburst