Ming Qi

Inside a large particle accelerator, an invisible shower of gamma rays reigns, like leaving a glass thread under an X-ray machine switched on for years. Ordinary electronics there quickly fail, yet data from the detector still needs to get out. The solution is optical fiber: a thin glass core that carries light.

A huge pool of clear liquid is hidden deep underground. Inside, there is nothing but a pristine 'broth' that flashes with faint light when an invisible particle flies through. This is the JUNO detector—20,000 tons of liquid scintillator built to hunt for neutrinos. The main enemy of such a hunt is not darkness but its own noise.