Qian Zhou

Standard optical fiber is like a glass thread that carries light. But when you send weak quantum signals (individual photons) and powerful classical laser light through it at the same time, trouble arises. The glass slightly scatters light: this is called Raman scattering.

A typical medical neural network sees a patient as a point on a map: there's height, blood pressure, a blood test, and the model places a single label: "healthy" or "sick." But in a real hospital, the map is always torn. One test is done on Monday, another a month later, and the CT scanner is a different brand altogether. A point on such a map is self-deception.