Quantum Particles Can Flow Backward express

Original: "General quantum backflow in realistic wave packets"
· Tomasz Paterek, Arseni Goussev
arXiv:2511.10155 · 2025-11-13 · CC BY 4.0 · 1 min
A new approach allows particles to move backward nearly three times more often — up to a 13% probability.

A quantum particle of the microworld quantum particle can move backward even if overall it's flying forward. It's like a river, where individual currents suddenly turn against the flow, creating disorder. Previously, it was thought that such backflow didn't exceed 4% — as if only a small part of the water in a river moves backwards.

Now scientists realize: under real-world conditions, when the particle is not perfectly directed, the proportion of backward motion grows to nearly 13%. That's three times higher than the previous estimate. This discovery simplifies experiments — you don't need flawless particles, just ordinary ones. For almost a century, physicists have known about backflow's existence, but they haven't been able to directly observe it. Perhaps now this strange effect will become visible.

Related to backflow is quantum "return": a particle can reappear where it already was. Both phenomena break conventional logic.

Backflow is one of the most elusive effects in quantum mechanics. Although it follows from the equations, it hasn't been directly observed in almost a hundred years.

Scientists
George GamowLeo EsakiShuji NakamuraJohn Stewart BellErwin SchrödingerAlain Aspect
Concepts
recoil probability wave packet uncertainty uncertainty principle backreaction tunnel effect wave function error propagation collective effect momentum space repulsion randomness power law distribution complementarity principle probability distribution anomaly transverse momentum wave-particle duality position uncertainty