A Star with an Invisible Companion express

Original: "BE Lyncis: A Pulsating Star in the Most Eccentric Binary with a Massive Unseen Companion"
· Jia-Shu Niu, Ying Zhang, Hui-Fang Xue
arXiv:2601.12999 · 2026-01-19 · CC BY 4.0 · 2 min
A pulsating star has revealed a companion that could be the closest black hole to Earth.

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For 39 years, astronomers have been recording how the star BE Lyn brightens and dims. Its light pulsates with a rhythm of several hours, like a lighthouse that never stops blinking. But there is a glitch in this rhythm: sometimes the flashes came a little early, sometimes a little late. The star was moving closer to Earth and then farther away, as if something were dragging it in a circle.

It turns out that BE Lyn is not alone. An invisible companion orbits around it, and the orbit of this pair is stretched to the limit. At the farthest point, the distance between them is hundreds of times greater than at the closest point. For comparison, Earth's orbit is almost circular, but here it is like a highly squashed oval. When the star whips past its companion, its pulse noticeably speeds up.

The companion is heavy — at least 2.5 solar masses, but no light is seen from it. Such a massive yet dark object is most likely a black hole. If confirmed, it would be the closest known to Earth. Astronomers have a rare opportunity to study how strong gravity affects a star's rhythm, and possibly to discover a new way to find black holes that reveal themselves only through gravity.

The orbit of BE Lyn is so elongated that at the closest point, the star passes hundreds of times closer to the companion than at the farthest point. Like a swing that almost pauses at the top, then swoops down.
If the companion is not a black hole but a neutron star, it would have to be spinning incredibly fast. And then it would be the most massive neutron star ever weighed.

The pulse of BE Lyn is off by only a few seconds over 39 years of observations, but that was enough to suspect a black hole.

In the movie 'Interstellar,' the heroes travel to the black hole Gargantua; BE Lyn might harbor a similar object, but much closer — within our galaxy.

Scientists
Stephen HawkingJacob BekensteinFritz ZwickyBernhard RiemannJoseph WeberKarl Schwarzschild
Concepts
eccentric black hole binary binary star m87 donor star galactic center pulsar companion tess eccentric orbit neptune observable universe milky way central black hole hills mechanism trappist 1 galactic bulge andromeda galaxy mass transfer elliptical galaxy ultraluminous x ray source lsst pulsar