Orbiting a faint red star is the rocky planet LHS 1140b. An ultrasensitive instrument that breaks light into colors picks up the shadows of gases as the planet crosses in front of the star. That's how the team of David Charbonneau spotted the planet leaking helium. Think of it like a pot with a tight lid: the star heats the upper layers of the atmosphere, and gas occasionally bursts out. In 2024, the helium cloud was huge, but by 2025 the leakage stopped — the star calmed down, and the lid snapped shut again. Meanwhile, there's almost no hydrogen: it likely escaped earlier. Heavier ingredients, like water, stay trapped below, like a hearty stew simmering beneath a layer of froth. The most astonishing part? The upper atmosphere sizzles at 5000°C, while the surface is a frigid –50°C. Despite these extremes, the periodic leakage gives us hope: even rocky worlds around quiet stars can hold onto atmospheres, and that means conditions for life.
The planet's upper atmosphere is scorching at 5000°C, even though the surface is a freezing –50°C.