How a Black Hole Is Born Without a Singularity express

Original: "Regular Black Hole Formation and Gamma-Ray Burst from Matter Conversion"
arXiv:2607.16590 · 2026-07-18 · CC BY 4.0 · 1 min
The collapse of a star into a regular black hole could explain the nature of gamma-ray bursts.

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A star runs out of fuel and rapidly collapses under its own gravity. According to classical ideas, it collapses into a point of infinite density — a singularity. But what if nature abhors infinities? In models of regular black holes, instead of a singularity, a dense core of unknown matter forms at the center. This matter did not exist in the star initially: it is born right during the collapse.

The authors traced how ordinary stellar matter transforms into a 'patch' for the singularity. They used the Dymnikova–Hayward–Bardeen model and calculated how much energy goes into radiation when new matter is born. It turns out that this process should produce a powerful flash of electromagnetic radiation — exactly like a gamma-ray burst.

Gamma-ray bursts are the brightest events in the universe after the Big Bang. In a few seconds, they release as much energy as the Sun will emit over its entire lifetime.

But the most intriguing part is the comparison with observations. For the calculated flash to match real gamma-ray bursts, the 'patch' at the center must be very small. So small that from a distance, such a black hole is almost indistinguishable from an ordinary Schwarzschild one. Nature seems to hide its secrets behind nearly perfect camouflage. Thus, the birth of a regular black hole becomes a natural mechanism for gamma-ray bursts, while the holes themselves remain almost exactly as described by Karl Schwarzschild.

The term 'black hole' was coined by journalist Ann Ewing in 1964, although the possibility of such objects was discussed as early as the 18th century.

In the movie 'Interstellar', the characters travel through a wormhole that, like a regular black hole, lacks a destructive singularity.

Scientists
Roger PenroseStephen HawkingJacob BekensteinFritz ZwickyKarl SchwarzschildSubrahmanyan Chandrasekhar
Concepts
black hole formation mechanism direct collapse black holes nuclear reaction mass gap critical collapse gravastar hawking radiation mechanism tidal disruption event dark matter core formation gamma-ray burst x ray burst central engine dark star starburst bubble collision outburst particle creation Hawking radiation white hole stellar explosion neutron star binary merger