Scientists have come up with a new type of charged black holes by adding unusual derivatives with reflections to Einstein's equations. The thermal properties of such holes resemble the behavior of a fluid: they can undergo phase transitions, just like water turning into steam. Could it be that black holes can 'boil'?
Scientists applied an unusual mathematical approach in the equations of искривления пространства-времени and obtained a new type of charged чёрных дыр. Their behavior turned out to be surprisingly familiar: this is how вода in a pot behaves when it starts to boil. At a certain combination of pressure, volume, and temperature, the difference between a "liquid" and "gaseous" black hole vanishes. This is exactly like the critical point of water: steam and liquid become indistinguishable.
Even Стивен Хокинг and Яаков Бекенштейн proved that black holes have temperature and энтропия (a measure of disorder). The new research adds that the transitions between states of these objects obey the same laws as steam boiling. Most unexpectedly: if you remove the mathematical "seasoning" from the calculations, the black hole behaves exactly like an ideal gas describing the transformation of water into steam.
🎯 Black holes are not eternal: due to Hawking radiation, they slowly evaporate. A tiny black hole could "boil" away and vanish in a fraction of a second.