Tiny black holes as dark matter ⚡ экспресс
In supersymmetric extensions of the Standard Model (where every particle has a heavy “twin”), the transition of these hypothetical particles into a non-relativistic state softens the equation of state of the early universe. This brief softening sharply boosts the formation of primordial black holes of asteroid masses. Calculations show that if the masses of superpartners exceed ~10⁵ GeV (~100 TeV), such black holes can make up all of dark matter without violating observational constraints — unlike scenarios without supersymmetry. Analogy: just as salt lowers water’s freezing point, heavy particles slightly “weaken” the expansion, triggering a cascade of hole births.
After the Big Bang, the Universe resembled a tightly inflated balloon: pressure prevented matter from clumping together. But hypothetical superheavy particles — sort of ‘heavyweights’ of the microcosm — momentarily made the balloon less stiff. Matter easily clumped, giving birth to black holes with masses from a billion to a billion billion tons. The size of an atomic nucleus, they emit no light, yet their collective gravity governs the motion of stars and galaxies. Calculations show: if such holes make up all dark matter, everything matches observations. The usual model gives too few holes and has been rejected. An unexpected twist: these same tiny ones could have become the seeds of supermassive black holes at the centers of galaxies.
🎯 An asteroid-mass black hole is microscopic: passing through Earth, it would leave only a thin tunnel and cause weak tremors. The chance of such an event is extremely small.