Solar Calendar of the Ancient Amazon ✛ ✦

Original: "The orientation of the Amazonian geoglyphs as a clue for their interpretation"
· Giulio Magli
arXiv:2607.14201 · 2026-07-15 · CC BY 4.0 · 1 min
326 earthen figures in the Brazilian jungle accurately point to the sunrise on the solstices and equinoxes.

For centuries, earthen figures hundreds of meters across hid in the Amazon jungle. They were only noticed from the air when deforestation began. These huge squares turned out to be not fences, but a solar calendar. Almost all point to the sunrise positions on the Sun during the equinoxes and solstices. Just as a gardener checks the sky before planting, ancient builders etched the celestial rhythm into the earth.

They knew: when at the end of May the Sun rises further right than usual, the rainy season is over — time to sow for a double harvest. The figures served as a giant village calendar.

Analysis of 326 such sites via satellite using light measurement, image combining (similar to the Hubble telescope), and tracking the Sun's passage along the horizon revealed precise alignment — not a trace of disorder. Long before Galileo, Kepler, and Payne, nameless masters understood the Sun. Now smart algorithms and computer models seek out other monuments.

One of the rays nearly matches the Moon's extreme position, but the builders were definitely targeting the Sun.

Science fiction often describes ancient gates that open on solstices, like in Arthur C. Clarke's novel 'The Light of Other Days.' Perhaps the Amazonian figures served as such 'solar keys'.

A = \arccos(-\tan \phi \tan \delta)
The azimuth of sunrise depends on latitude φ and declination δ; at solstices, δ reaches ±23.5°, defining the extreme points of the solar arc.
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Ludwig BoltzmannJohn von NeumannJosiah Willard GibbsHenri PoincaréJoseph von FraunhoferGalileo Galilei
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