Titanium in Cosmic Rays
In the stream of cosmic rays, particles flying toward us from the depths of the Galaxy, titanium is rare. Its nuclei are almost indistinguishable from iron: both are heavy, and both leave similar tracks in detectors.
Extra Electrons in Cosmic Rays
High above Antarctica, a balloon carried an instrument that caught electrons from space. These particles come from distant stellar explosions and other powerful events. The instrument measured their energy, like the force of an impact. And in one energy range, there were more impacts than calculations predicted.