River water often swirls into funnels. But in semiconductors, the foundation of microchips, electrons at low temperatures and high purity also turn into a fluid. If you create a circular cavity, vortices appear, just like in a river backwater.
Scientists took ultra-pure gallium arsenide, crafted a channel and a circular 'backwater.' They sent a current through, and inside the cavity, a stable vortex formed (the current flowed backward). Astonishingly, the vortex barely decayed. The viscosity of this electron fluid is millions of times lower than water's, like a fluid without friction. The quantum tornado spun for a surprisingly long time.
Such experiments confirm the hydrodynamic model and outline its boundaries. This is a path toward electronics where electron flows are controlled like a fluid, with precise calculation of entropy dissipation. The electrons themselves obey the Standard Model, but in their collective dance, new laws emerge.
The electron fluid has ultra-low viscosity — millions of times lower than water's. That's why electron vortices barely decay, like quantum tornadoes.