How long does a black hole live? A new answer from quantum physics express

Original: "Minimum lifetime of a black hole"
arXiv:2605.03922v1 · 2026-05-05 · CC BY 4.0 · 1 min
Scientists have figured out how long it takes for a black hole to completely disappear and return all the captured information.

Black holes are not eternal: they slowly lose energy, emitting entropy — a measure of hidden information — as heat. This process was predicted by Stephen Hawking. But until now, it remained a mystery what happens at the very end, when the hole has almost disappeared and must return the captured data.

Now physicists have shown: after the main mass evaporates, a tiny white hole remains. Like a dying ember, it slowly releases information. The time for this 'cleanup' grows with the mass of the original black hole far more steeply than previously thought.

For a hole with the mass of a mountain, this time exceeds the age of the Universe by billions of times. But for microscopic holes, born during the Big Bang, the process could be finishing right now.

Perhaps we will be able to see the faint radiation from these remnants — maybe they are hiding under the mask of dark matter.

The complete evaporation time for a black hole with the mass of a mountain exceeds the age of the Universe by billions of times. And microscopic holes from the dawn of time may be burning out right now, and their last heat could be detected.

t_{\text{pur}} \sim M_0^4 / \hbar^{3/2}
The cleanup time of a black hole (t_pur) grows as the fourth power of its initial mass (M_0), divided by the Planck constant (ℏ) raised to the 3/2 power.
Scientists
Stephen HawkingJacob BekensteinJohn Archibald WheelerFritz ZwickyKarl SchwarzschildRalph Alpher
Concepts
black hole evaporation remnant primordial black hole Bekenstein-Hawking entropy Hawking area theorem half life lifetime event horizon hawking area law logarithmic correction Penrose process no-hair theorem apparent horizon information loss planck length schwarzschild radius wald entropy negative energy charge cycle ringdown