We investigate the influence of brane theory on the environment of a black hole, which can be regular or Schwarzschild. By modeling the environment as an Einstein cluster, we find that anisotropy and finite brane tension weaken gravity due to quadratic and nonlocal corrections, preventing horizon formation. Taking into account constraints from neutron star observations, the effect is most pronounced for sub-stellar mass black holes in compact environments. Analysis of optical signatures shows that as brane tension decreases, the Einstein ring radius shrinks while the shadow grows — counterintuitive behavior. Joint measurement of these quantities could constrain brane tension in specific astrophysical scenarios.
Our Universe behaves like a stretched elastic sheet: massive bodies dent it, creating spacetime curvature — gravity. In brane-world theory, a hidden dimension is added, and this sheet becomes just a surface in a higher-dimensional space. The brane tension determines how much the sheet dents: the weaker the tension, the weaker the gravity.
Scientists have studied how this affects black holes of the Schwarzschild type, surrounded by a dense cloud of particles. For light holes (less than a star's mass), the weakened gravity might not form a horizon — the boundary from which nothing can escape. Constraints on brane tension come from observations of neutron stars.
An unexpected effect: the black hole's shadow grows while the Einstein ring — the luminous halo around it — shrinks. Measuring these two parameters could reveal the presence of extra dimensions.
🎯 If brane tension disappeared, our Universe would become completely flat and devoid of gravity.
🎬 In the film *Interstellar*, highly advanced beings live in five dimensions — much like the brane idea from scientific theories.