In the depths of our Galaxy, astronomers found an unusual pulsar — a source of radio bursts that repeat every 76 seconds. Ordinary pulsars are fast-spinning neutron stars, remnants of supernova (explosions of massive stars) left behind as city-sized objects; the very concept of a neutron star was predicted by Fritz Zwicky. But this one spins suspiciously slowly. Scientists guessed it might be a white dwarf — another type of stellar remnant, predicted by Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar. A white dwarf, like a heavy flywheel, could store enough rotational energy to power radio bursts even at a slow spin.
To test the idea, the Chandra space telescope was pointed at the object. X-rays should arise if a spinning magnetic field rips from the star's surface a stream of antimatter — lightweight twin particles of ordinary electrons. They accelerate almost to the speed of light and glow in X-rays. But precise spectroscopy (the study of light by its colors) detected not a single photon. If it were a white dwarf, the radiation would have been tens of times brighter — the telescope would certainly have seen it. So, the white dwarf is ruled out. For a neutron star, the estimated rotational power is low, but no traces of it are visible either.
So what then powers this radio beacon? Most likely, a gigantic magnetic field of a neutron star — a hundred trillion times stronger than Earth's. It's like a bicycle light where the light comes not from spinning a dynamo but from shaking a magnet: the neutron star's magnetic field twists and reconnects, blasting out energy without fast rotation. Such a powerful field can even influence time dilation near the star. This discovery also ties to gravitational waves — ripples in space that such objects can generate. It reminds us that alongside black holes there are other, no less amazing, inhabitants of the Universe.
The first pulsar, discovered in 1967, was initially named LGM-1, as scientists thought it might be radio signals from aliens.
In the sci-fi novel "Dragon's Egg", creatures live on a neutron star where time flows a million times faster than on Earth.