Massive Companion Found for Tabby's Star ✛

Original: "Evidence for a giant companion orbiting Tabby's star"
arXiv:2607.20643v1 · 2026-07-22 · CC BY 4.0 · 2 min
A symmetric dip in Tabby's star's light revealed a massive companion — 9 times heavier than Jupiter.

Twenty-one hours. That's how long a steady dimming of Tabby's star's light lasted. Usually this star flickers chaotically, like a lighthouse in a heavy storm. The brightness drops sharply, without warning. But in data from the TESS space telescope, a calm dip appeared — the eye of the storm.

Earlier, the team of astronomer William Borucki with the Kepler telescope had observed dips of up to 20% and even a half-year dimming of 2.5%.

This dip turned out to be the passage of a large object in front of the star — a transit method event. For 21 hours, the star was 1.1% dimmer. Like a lamp in a room briefly dimming by a hundredth of its brightness. The shadow was symmetric, like a circular screen.

To understand what the shadow was, scientists used several methods. Photometry from TESS provided the precise light curve of the dip. Then they measured the star's wobble: when a heavy companion orbits nearby, the star sways slightly. They detected this wobble through the shift of lines in the spectrum — a method called Spectroscopy. They also ruled out the influence of a neighboring red dwarf — it had nothing to do with it. Numerical simulation of the orbit showed that the companion completes an orbit in about three to four years. Its mass is 9.4 Jupiter masses, its radius 1.7 Jupiter radii. It is a borderline object: no longer an exoplanet (giant planet), but not yet a star.

The gravity of this companion, like a conductor, might orchestrate a swarm of comets — it is their dusty tails that likely create the chaotic dips in the star's light.

The next step is to catch a repeat transit in 2026–2027. Then astronomers can precisely measure the orbit. Like the calm eye of the storm, this dip promises to reveal the secret of Tabby's star's long-standing chaos.

Over six months in 2013, Tabby’s Star dimmed by 2,5%—such a long and deep dip was not seen in any of the other 550 stars in the Kepler field.

In 2015, Tabby’s Star was suspected of hosting alien megastructures — Dyson spheres. This discovery brings us back to a more mundane, but no less fascinating, explanation involving planets and comets.

Scientists
Adam RiessBrian SchmidtEdwin HubbleGeorges LemaîtreMaarten SchmidtSaul Perlmutter
Concepts
exoplanets around red dwarfs red dwarf planets tess transit kepler telescope stellar wobble brown dwarf desert exoplanet crab nebula asteroid belt neptune trappist 1 transit method pulsar companion observable universe jupiter hot jupiter atmospheres stellar orbit terrestrial exoplanet orbital period