A Symmetric Shadow in the Chaos of Tabby's Star ✛

Original: "Evidence for a giant companion orbiting Tabby's star"
arXiv:2607.20643v1 · 2026-07-22 · CC BY 4.0 · 2 min
A 20-hour symmetric transit in TESS data points to a massive companion around star KIC 8462852 — an object at the boundary between a giant planet and a brown dwarf.

Tabby's Star, a beacon in the cosmic sea, has baffled astronomers since 2015. Its light flickered not in the rhythm of planets, but as if scattered by a storm — deep dips, sharp spikes. But amid this chaos, a smooth, nearly perfect dip was found. The eye of the storm.

The TESS telescope recorded a transit method — the passage of an unseen object across the star's disk — lasting 21 hours. The depth was 1.1%. Think of it as if a lamp in a room dimmed by one hundredth for a day. But the curve shape was symmetric, like calm waves. Such a thing had never been seen for Tabby's Star.

Usually its brightness falls chaotically – the team William Borucki recorded dips of up to 20%, and once the star dimmed by 2.5% for six months straight.

To understand what the shadow was, astronomers deployed the full arsenal. TESS photometry was cleaned of noise. Numerical simulation fitted the orbit. They brought in spectroscopy: the SOPHIE spectrograph measured the star's spectroscopy — its wobble due to the companion. Because of Tabby's rapid rotation, spectral lines were blurred, but the authors found a way to deconvolve them with the rotation profile, reducing errors threefold. A nearby red dwarf was ruled out: eclipses from it didn't match.

Result: a massive companion. Mass 9.4 Jupiter masses, radius 1.7 Jupiter radii. This is a borderline object — no longer quite a exoplanet, but not yet a brown dwarf (a body heavier than a planet but without hydrogen burning). Density like a planet. Orbit nearly circular, with a period of about 1030–1368 days — five possible windows. And equilibrium temperature of just 268 K (minus 5°C) — rare for transit objects.

If confirmed, this will be the first transiting companion of Tabby's Star. Its gravity, like a conductor, could control a swarm of comet — icy bodies whose tails create the chaos in brightness.

The future promises clarity. The nearest transit windows were already caught in spring 2025. It remains to precisely catch a repeat passage in 2026–2027. But the trump card is Gaia DR4: an astrometric signal of 50 microarcseconds will directly measure the mass and orbit. Thus the eye of the storm will gain clear contours, and the chaos of Tabby's Star will fall into a coherent picture.

Over six months in 2013, Tabby’s Star dimmed by 2,5%—such a long and deep dip was not seen in any of the other 550 stars in the Kepler field.

In 2015, Tabby’s Star was suspected of hosting alien megastructures — Dyson spheres. This discovery brings us back to a more mundane, but no less fascinating, explanation involving planets and comets.

Scientists
Adam RiessBrian SchmidtEdwin HubbleGeorges LemaîtreMaarten SchmidtSaul Perlmutter
Concepts
exoplanets around red dwarfs red dwarf planets tess transit kepler telescope stellar wobble brown dwarf desert exoplanet crab nebula asteroid belt neptune trappist 1 transit method pulsar companion observable universe jupiter hot jupiter atmospheres stellar orbit terrestrial exoplanet orbital period