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Quantum Bubbles: A New Source of Gravitational Waves ⚡ экспресс

Original: "The Role of Microstate Degeneracy in Phase Transitions: Gravitational Waves from Bubble Entanglement"
· Gia Dvali, Lucy Komisel
arXiv:2512.13947 · 2025-12-15 · CC BY 4.0 · ⏱ 1 min · HEP Theory Cosmology HEP Phenomenology
Bubbles that emerged after the Big Bang carry quantum complexity and, upon collision, create unusual gravitational waves.
Abstract

Imagine that as the universe was born, bubbles of new vacuum appeared, like soap bubbles. We used to think their collisions followed ordinary physics. But it turns out they’re quantum-entangled inside, and that changes the gravitational waves from their mergers. Could quantum chaos leave a mark on the very fabric of spacetime?

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The early Universe was hot and dense. Within it, like in boiling water, bubbles of a new state of space were born. Usually they are considered simple, but some harbored a gigantic number of hidden 'patterns' — microscopic states, or entropy. It’s like a soap bubble whose surface shimmers not with seven colors, but with billions of shades.

This multiplicity binds the bubbles with quantum entanglement: each is born at once in all its versions.

When such bubbles collide, their entanglement does not vanish instantly but instead alters the merger process. This imprints on gravitational waves — ripples in spacetime. Unlike the merger of black holes, where information seemingly disappears, bubbles leave a distinct quantum signature in the waves — an echo of their 'multitude'.

This echoes the idea of Stephen Hawking about the 'memory burden' of black holes, yet bubbles, in contrast, generously share information through gravitational waves.

Future detectors, similar to the one created by Rainer Weiss, will be able to capture these signals. Thus we will peer for the first time into the quantum 'personality' of space.

🎯 Each bubble was born at once in all possible states — as if a tossed coin landed both heads and tails simultaneously. The complexity of each bubble was astronomical: the number of its microstates exceeds the number of atoms in the observable Universe.

🎬 Sci-fi often plays with the theme of multiple universes, but here the 'bubble universes' are also quantum-entangled — as if they share a common memory of the moment of creation.

Scientists
Alan GuthAndrei LindeGeorges LemaîtreJames PeeblesAdam RiessBrian Schmidt
Tags
gravitational waves black hole entropy spacetime curvature big bang
Laws
Friedmann equationsHubble's lawsecond law of thermodynamicsHawking radiationgravitational lensingBekenstein-Hawking entropy
Original: arXiv:2512.13947 · CC BY 4.0 · bridge42worlds