Around distant icy bodies the size of a city, circling beyond Neptune, rings of dust and ice have been found. Small moons often whirl nearby. Mathematical analysis shows that a moon's gravity rocks the ring like a swing, making it tilt. Instead of lying flat in the body's equatorial plane (like at Saturn), the ring can stand at an angle.
This tilt betrays the presence of unseen moons: even if the satellite is too dim, its gravitational 'signature' can be read in the distorted rings. Future sky surveys using photometry (brightness measurements) and spectroscopy (light composition analysis) will test the calculations and may reveal dozens of such ringed planets.
Rings around small bodies are sometimes so thin that they can only be noticed by how they momentarily block the light of a distant star.