Gravitational Waves See No Split in Black Holes ✎ express

Original: "Agnostically decoding gravitational wave model deficiencies in GWTC-3"
arXiv:2604.27185 · 2026-04-29 · arXiv non-exclusive · independent analysis · 2 min
Analysis of thirty strong signals from LIGO and Virgo found no hidden boundary that would divide black holes into two distinct families.

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The trembling of space sounds like an orchestra. Gravitational waves caught by the LIGO and Virgo detectors tell of black hole collisions. Sometimes the music carries off-key notes — tiny deviations from Einstein's score. They might whisper of new physics or simply of dust on the bows.

In the new study, scientists looked for a specific glitch — one that depends on the mass of the colliding objects. As if the orchestra had an invisible threshold: light instruments play in tune, while heavy ones start to falter. This threshold could appear if gravity behaves differently at large masses, or if black holes are not quite black holes but exotic objects like wormholes (tunnels in spacetime).

They analyzed the 30 loudest "notes" from the GWTC-3 catalog — signals with the highest signal-to-noise ratio. It's like picking the clearest concert recordings to catch the faintest squeak.

The SCoRe method used in the work acts like a smart conductor: it compares noise across different detectors and accumulates statistics over many events. If the off-key pattern were common to all instruments and repeated from concert to concert, it would be noticed. But the result was negative. The Bayes factor, a measure of confidence, ranged from 0.16 to 0.5 depending on the assumed boundary. This means the data speak against such a boundary rather than for it. An additional check for excess noise correlation gave a factor of 0.07—exactly what you'd expect from random noise.

A Bayes factor less than 1 means the data support the null hypothesis (no effect). Values of 0.07–0.5 are moderate to strong evidence against a mass boundary.

So nature reminded us of its love for simplicity. The black hole orchestra still plays Einstein's notes without hidden pauses. But this is not the end: quieter signals and new detectors may still bring surprises. For now, we hear only the pure symphony of gravity.

The heaviest black hole in this sample weighed as much as 60 suns, and the lightest as much as 2.5. If there were a wall between them, we would see a sharp change in the "sound" of the waves, but the transition turned out to be smooth, like a hillside rather than a cliff.

Scientists
Edward WittenJuan MaldacenaHenri PoincaréFritz ZwickyJacob BekensteinKarl Schwarzschild
Concepts
gravitational wave parameter estimation gwtc gravitational wave background gw190814 glitch event nanograv waveform variance LIGO bayes factor alternative gravity tests gw170817 taiji template granger causality gigahertz gravity theories pulsar timing array cosmological data