Simple

Quantum Clocks Canceled the Beginning of the Universe

Original: "Singularity Resolution in Quantum Cosmology via Page-Wootters Formalism"
· Vishal, Malay K. Nandy
arXiv:2605.06093v1 · 2026-05-07 · CC BY 4.0 · ⏱ 1 min · General Relativity Quantum Physics
Internal time from quantum entanglement cancels the Big Bang.
Abstract

Physicists have found a clever way to dodge the Big Bang singularity. The trick: let one piece of the Universe act as a clock for the rest. Their calculations show that the probability of the volume hitting zero drops to nothing—so the singularity vanishes. Instead of crunching into an infinitely dense point, the Universe unfolds smoothly, like sand in an hourglass that never clogs.

Links in the knowledge graph 1

Usually the Big Bang is depicted as a beginning point. But Einstein’s equations and quantum physics break down there: time disappears. Back in the 20th century, Wheeler and DeWitt derived an equation for the entire Universe without time. Later, Wootters proposed looking for time within—not outside, but from matter itself. The key became quantum entanglement—the inseparable connection of distant particles. It's like a clockwork mechanism where each gear sets the pace for the other: their mutual rotation is the flow of internal time.

Applied to an expanding Universe (with different speeds in different directions), the calculation showed: in the superposition of all possible histories, the probability of zero volume is exactly zero. Big Bang without a zero-size point. Computer simulations confirmed this for all permissible parameters.

Paradox: for observation to yield a result, the internal clock must not approach zero—otherwise the Universe splits.

Thus gravity and quantum information intertwine, and time is the ticking of internal clocks set in motion by matter itself.

🎯 The very idea that time could be an internal illusion arose from a 1983 paradox: how can the hands move in a Universe that has no unified clock?

\hat{H} |\Psi\rangle = 0
Total energy is zero; the wave function is frozen because there are no external clocks.
P(\alpha|\beta_0) = i \left( \Psi^*\frac{\partial\Psi}{\partial\beta_0} - \frac{\partial\Psi^*}{\partial\beta_0}\Psi \right)
Distribution of size α depending on the clock β₀; in this dance, zero volume is impossible — the probability is strictly zero.
Scientists
Alan GuthAndrei LindeGeorges LemaîtreJames PeeblesAdam RiessBrian Schmidt
Tags
big bang quantum entanglement superposition gravity expansion of the universe numerical simulation quantum measurement quantum information
Laws
Friedmann equationsHubble's lawSchrödinger equationHeisenberg uncertainty principleHawking radiationEinstein field equations
Original: arXiv:2605.06093v1 · CC BY 4.0 · bridge42worlds