Ghosts of the Universe: Neutrinos as Dark Matter express

Original: "Particle Physics in Curved Spacetime and Dark Matter"

· Antonio Capolupo, Salvatore Capozziello, Gabriele Pisacane, Aniello Quaranta

arXiv:2605.26134 · 2026-05-21 · CC BY 4.0 · 1 min

Ghostly neutrinos, constantly shifting their identity, create hidden mass and keep galaxies from flying apart.

For nearly a century, astronomers have watched galaxies spin as if held together by invisible mass. Fritz Zwicky first noticed it, and Vera Rubin precisely measured the speeds of stars at the edges. The explanation — dark matter, a mysterious substance whose gravity stops stars from flying apart.

Trillions of neutrinos pass through us every second — almost intangible, like ghosts.

A new hypothesis: the ghostly nature of neutrinos itself creates the missing mass. In curved spacetime, different types of neutrinos continuously morph into each other, like ghosts changing guises. These transformations generate energy, which on galactic scales amplifies the gravitational pull. So silent ghosts become the invisible glue holding galaxies together.

Whole graph →

Every second, about 100 billion neutrinos from the Sun pass through your pinky fingernail.

Scientists

Fritz Zwicky Vera Rubin Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar Jocelyn Bell Burnell Wolfgang Pauli Adam Riess

Concepts

dark matter curvature negative energy neutrino flavor quantum field theory in curved spacetime neutrino oscillations spacetime curvature vacuum energy dark matter newtonian limit curved space momentum space modified newtonian dynamics backreaction vacuum quantum gravity and symmetry semiclassical gravity gravitational atom negative pressure naked singularity quintessence

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Ghosts of the Universe: Neutrinos as Dark Matter express