Black Holes Are Born When the Universe Bounces ⚡ экспресс
A new mechanism for generating cosmological relics — black holes, gravitational waves, and possibly dark matter — in a bouncing universe model is proposed. Relics arise via two channels: (i) compact objects and gravitational waves, born before the bounce and remaining outside the horizon, re-enter the horizon after expansion; (ii) dark matter halos formed during collapse exit the horizon and upon re-entry collapse into black holes. Unlike inflationary primordial black holes, these objects have a non-quantum, nonlinear structural origin. Analysis of the particle horizon and horizon crossing conditions shows that perturbations or compact objects larger than 90 m survive the bounce. The resulting population spans a wide mass range and provides a unified explanation for dark matter, the gravitational wave background, and the early growth of supermassive black holes and galaxies.
The universe can behave like a spring: compressing to microscopic sizes and then expanding again. In this cycle of contraction and bounce, black holes and dark matter are born. During compression, like in a twisting spiral, densifications arise—clumps of matter and gravitational waves (ripples in spacetime). If a clump is massive enough, it doesn't disintegrate during the bounce, and later galaxies grow from it.
This mechanism solves several cosmic mysteries at once. Dark matter turns out not to be exotic particles, but a swarm of invisible black holes that survived previous cycles. The powerful gravitational waves generated during compression create a background that modern detectors pick up. And supermassive black holes managed to grow even before galaxies gathered around them, because their seeds appeared long before the Big Bang—at the moment of the previous bounce.
🎯 For a clump of matter to survive the bounce, its diameter must be at least 90 meters—the length of a football field.
🎬 A cyclic cosmos, contracting and being reborn, is described in Poul Anderson's novel 'Tau Zero': the characters witness the death and birth of a new world.