The Galactic Family Tree: How Star Chemistry Tells the Story ⚡ экспресс
Astronomers applied a phylogenetic method (building evolutionary trees, just like in biology) to the chemical composition of stars in a simulated galaxy. The inner ring revealed a tight cluster of old stars enriched by massive supernova explosions, followed by a hierarchy from other sources. The outer ring, in contrast, produced symmetrical “caterpillar” trees — a signature of prolonged, calm star formation. Tree structure indices reliably distinguish these histories even from samples of a hundred stars, opening a new way to read the chemical “growth rings” of galaxies.
A star inherits the chemical makeup of its parent gas cloud—just like a child inherits genes from its parents. Astronomers turned this into a method: by measuring the fraction of carbon and other elements with spectroscopy (splitting light into colors), they construct family trees for the stars in a galaxy. It’s like genealogy, but instead of DNA, you’re tracing chemistry.
In the center of the Milky Way, gas poured in stormy streams, stars were born rapidly, and enriched by supernova explosions. Their tree is a tangled bush with short, thick branches. On the outskirts, shaped by spiral arms, the process was smooth: the tree grew with thin, long, symmetrical branches.
This chemical pedigree acts as a time machine for galaxies. By studying these “fossils,” we read the history of bursts and stellar winds, reconstructing the growth of our own Galaxy.
🎯 Some of the Milky Way’s oldest stars contain almost no heavy elements, as if frozen in the era of the early Universe.