How the Universe is Born from Nothing express
Quantum nothingness resembles water in a pot just before boiling. From time to time, a bubble spontaneously swells up — but not of steam, but of an entire universe. Such a bubble doesn't collapse; instead, it inflates into spacetime, triggering its own Big Bang. The only question is how often this happens.
Physicists took this metaphor seriously and calculated the exact probability. They used a mathematical trick: treating time as a fourth spatial dimension. The resulting formula resembles the one describing a particle passing through a wall. Previously, only the main factor was considered, which made the chance vanishingly small. Now they added quantum fluctuations — chaotic jitters inherent to every bubble at the quantum level. These turn a rough estimate into a precise calculation.
Ultimately, they obtained a simple formula where the chance of a Universe appearing from nothing is expressed through familiar physical constants. Most surprising: structurally, it barely differs from calculations for elementary particles — as if the entire cosmos behaves like one big quantum object.
In quantum physics, even a particle can pass through a wall. It turns out that mathematically, a whole universe is no different — it's the largest 'tunneling' object ever studied by scientists.