How the Universe is Born from Nothing ⚡ экспресс
How can an entire universe come into being? Physicists considered the birth of a closed universe from 'nothing' as a quantum tunneling transition, similar to the spontaneous appearance of a bubble in a fizzy drink. For the first time, they accurately accounted for not only the main probability but also the tiny quantum jitters (fluctuations), refining how often such universes are born. Could our world be just one of many emerging quantum bubbles?
Quantum nothingness resembles water in a pot just before boiling. From time to time, a bubble spontaneously swells up — but not of steam, but of an entire universe. Such a bubble doesn't collapse; instead, it inflates into spacetime, triggering its own Big Bang. The only question is how often this happens.
Physicists took this metaphor seriously and calculated the exact probability. They used a mathematical trick: treating time as a fourth spatial dimension. The resulting formula resembles the one describing a particle passing through a wall. Previously, only the main factor was considered, which made the chance vanishingly small. Now they added quantum fluctuations — chaotic jitters inherent to every bubble at the quantum level. These turn a rough estimate into a precise calculation.
Ultimately, they obtained a simple formula where the chance of a Universe appearing from nothing is expressed through familiar physical constants. Most surprising: structurally, it barely differs from calculations for elementary particles — as if the entire cosmos behaves like one big quantum object.
🎯 In quantum physics, even a particle can pass through a wall. It turns out that mathematically, a whole universe is no different — it's the largest 'tunneling' object ever studied by scientists.