How to Make a Diamond and a Nanotube Sing in Unison ✎ express

Original: "Hybrid quantum device with nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond coupled to carbon nanotubes"
arXiv:1606.02998 · 2016-06-09 · arXiv non-exclusive · independent analysis · 2 min
A tiny defect in a diamond and a suspended carbon tube exchange vibrations like two tuning forks tuned to each other.

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A tuning fork sounds when you strike it. Its prongs vibrate, and you hear the sound until the vibration dies out. The quantum world has its own "tuning forks"—for example, a defect in diamond that responds to magnetic fields, and a carbon tube that can tremble at frequencies billions of times higher than the note A. In this new work, the two objects are made to feel each other.

A defect in diamond is a spot where a carbon atom is replaced by nitrogen, and a neighboring lattice site is empty. Such a nitrogen-vacancy center behaves like a tiny magnet, sensitive to its surroundings. Next to it, a carbon nanotube, a hollow cylinder just a few atoms thick, is suspended. A steady current is passed through the tube, generating a magnetic field around it. This field acts on the defect's spin — an internal rotation akin to a compass needle. When the tube vibrates, the field changes, and the spin responds.

The coupling between the spin and the vibration can be strengthened or weakened simply by changing the current in the tube or the distance to the defect, like adjusting the volume on a radio.

This gives rise to a hybrid: mechanical motion converts into a magnetic signal and back. That allows quantum information to be written into the tube's vibrations and read out through the diamond's spin. The authors calculated that the interaction strength is sufficient for creating quantum gates — the basic operations of future computing machines. The key advantage is that it all happens at room temperature, without bulky cooling setups.

A carbon nanotube is a hundred thousand times thinner than a human hair, yet it can support the weight of an entire bacterium without breaking.

The idea echoes old mechanics, where gears transmit rotation. But here, instead of teeth, we have magnetic fields, and instead of wheels, single quantum objects. Returning to the tuning fork: now two "prongs" vibrate in sync, though separated by emptiness. One trembles from current, the other from quantum magnetism, and together they can store and process information in a way no classical instrument can.

Nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond are so stable that they are used as ultra-sensitive thermometers, capable of detecting temperature changes of a thousandth of a degree inside a living cell.

In Neal Stephenson's novel "The Diamond Age," nanotechnology permeates everyday life, and here a nanotube and a defect in diamond become the "atoms" of a computing machine, a step toward that very future.

Scientists
Satyendra Nath BoseAlbert Einstein
Concepts
diamond nv center diamond nv center spectroscopy hybrid system solid state qubit electron trap carbon nanotube nanodevice vanadium carbon 13 hexagonal boron nitride nv center sensing diamond quantum memory boron nitride ion trap qubit niobium hybrid approach spin orbit coupling